Definition and Examples of Periods Full Stop

A period (  .  ) is a punctuation mark  indicating a full stop, placed at the end of declarative  sentences  as well as after many abbreviations. The period is actually called  a  full stop  in  British English, according to R.D. Burchfield in The New Fowlers Modern English Usage, and is also known as a  full point. Rene J. Cappon, author of The Associated Press Guide to Punctuation, explains that the period may appear small but it has an important function in punctuation: The period is a mere dot in the panorama of punctuation, but it packs an impressive punch. Unlike, say, the  colon  or  semicolon, it can bring a sentence to a complete halt. As  Merriam-Webster  succinctly defines it: A period is a point used to mark the end of a declarative sentence or an abbreviation. History of Usage The period originated with Greek punctuation in the third century B.C., according to  Maria Teresa Cox and Riya Pundir  in their article The Mysterious Disappearance of the Punctuation Dot: An Exploratory Study, published in  Fortell: A Journal of Teaching English Literature. The Greeks actually used three different dots at the end of sentences and phrases, say Cox and Pundir: A low dot . indicated a short breath after a short phrase, a mid-dot ãÆ' » meant a longer breath after a longer passage, and a high dot Ë™ marked a full stop at the end of a completed thought. Eventually, with the popularization of block books—books printed from woodcuts in Europe around 1300—engravers disregarded the high and middle dots and retained only the  low dot, signifying the end of a sentence. Later, with  Johannes Gutenbergs invention of the printing press and movable type in the mid-1400s, printers continued the tradition of using only the  low dot  as a period. William Caxton, a British merchant, writer, and printer, brought the printing press to England in 1476—along with the  low dot, or period. Cox and Pundir note that some writers and grammarians worry that the period is falling out of favor in the age of texting and electronic mail, in favor of  exclamation points,  ellipses, line breaks, and  emoticons. They note that a 2015 survey conducted by the Department of Psychology at the State University of New York at Binghamton  found that only 29 percent of American students were using a full stop, or period, because they consider it to be a bad way to convey heartfelt emotions. Purpose As discussed, the period is used to convey the end of a sentence or abbreviation. But it has other uses. Cappon in The Associated Press Guide to Punctuation, as well as June Casagrande in her book The Best Punctuation Book, Period., describe the periods purpose. Finality: The period can mark the end of a sentence or sentence fragment, as in  Osama bin Laden has given a good imitation of the devil. To the West, at least. Or in: Joe works here. Eat. Leave now. Casagrande uses the  period  (.) to mark the end of her books title, right after the word period, which is a sentence fragment. She likely does so to add emphasis and convince readers that hers is the final word in punctuation. Initials and  abbreviations: Periods are generally used when there are two letters in the initial, such as  U.S., according to The Associated Press Stylebook. However, styles differ with some style guides, such as The Chicago Manual of Style Online, saying you should omit the periods. Even the AP spells the abbreviation for the United States as  US  in headlines. State names:  These take a period per AP and other styles when you are not using postal  ZIP code abbreviations. So you would have:  Ala.,  Md., and   N.H., where by comparison, the ZIP code abbreviations would omit the periods:  AL, MD, and NH. Abbreviations that end in lowercase letters:  Some examples are   Gov., Jr., e.g., i.e., Inc., Mr., and et al. Mathematics–place value:  In mathematics, the period is called a  decimal point.  For example, in the number 101.25, the number placed to the right of the decimal point—in this case,  25—indicates 25/100 or twenty-five one-hundredths. The period/decimal point is often used with numbers. So, $101.25  would read 101 dollars and 25 cents. Ellipses:  Ellipses—also called  ellipses points—are three equally spaced points commonly used in writing or printing to indicate the omission of words in a  quotation. They are also known as  ellipsis dots or  suspension points. Correct and Incorrect Use Since printers dropped the use of the high and mid-dot centuries ago, the period has actually been the easiest punctuation mark to understand. But it is far from the easiest to use.  Punctuation experts note that writers have long struggled with the rules for correctly placing the period. Casagrande gives these tips on the rules and correct use of the period. Quotation marks: A period always comes before a closing quotation mark. Right:  He said, Get out.  Wrong:  He said, Get out.  Note that this rule applies to American English. British English  requires that you place the period  after  the quotation mark. Single quotation marks:  A period always comes before the closing single quotation mark:  He said, Dont call me a jerk. Apostrophe: An apostrophe  indicates the omission of one or more letters from a word. You  do  place the period after the apostrophe at the end of a sentence but  before  the final quote mark:  He said, I know you were just talkin. Ellipses (...): The AP says you should treat ellipses as a three-letter word, constructed with three periods and bounded by two spaces, as shown here. If the ellipses come after a complete sentence, however, place a period before the ellipses, such as in  Martin Luther King Jr.s famous words: I have a dream....I have a dream today.   Dashes:  The dash (—)  is a mark of  punctuation  used to set off a word or phrase after an  independent clause  or to set off a parenthetical remark, such as words, phrases, or clauses that interrupt a sentence. Never use a period before or after a dash. A correct example of how to use a dash effectively (and omit any periods) would be  Colonel David Hunts quote from his article On the Hunt published in the  National Review on  June 25, 2003:  We cant be politically correct—right or left—in the war on terrorism. Period.  Note that the only periods are placed after the end of the first sentence and at the end of the fragment,  Period. Initialism:  An  initialism  is an  abbreviation  that consists of the first  letter  or letters of words in a phrase, such as  EU  (for  European Union) and  NFL  (for  National Football League). Omit periods from initialisms.   Falling Out of Favor? As discussed, periods are often omitted in  text messages. Nonetheless, says  Claire Fallon, writing for the Huffington Post in a June 6, 2016, article, There hasn’t been much evidence that a laissez-faire attitude toward the period is migrating from digital messaging to the broader category of the written word. However, Richard Lederer and John Shore in Comma Sense: A Fundamental Guide to Punctuation argue that writers  are  more frequently using other punctuation marks when they should be using the simple period: Every sentence thats not an exclamation or a question must end with a period.  And because people are by and large too proud to ask too many questions and too shy to go around hollering all the time, the vast (not the half-vast) majority of sentences are what are called declarative statements—statements that just say something and therefore end in a period. Sources Cappon, Rene J. The Associated Press Guide To Punctuation. Basic Books, January 2003. Lederer, Richard. Comma Sense: A Fun-damental Guide to Punctuation. First edition, St. Martins Griffin, July 10, 2007.

V For Vendetta Response Analysis - 2047 Words

V FOR VENDETTA RESPONSE ANALYSIS 1. SUMMARY OF THE FILM The film is about a masked man called V who is against an unjust government and hypocritical society. He is on a mission to change things by bringing down the government and empower the citizens. He first meets Evey when he recues her from government agents who wanted to rape her. He takes her to the symbol of Lady Justice statue from where V blows up the building. In a broadcast message, V urges people to turn against the government. He reminds them that justice, fairness and freedom were more than words and that ‘people shouldn’t fear government; government should fear them instead.’ He talks about how government uses lies and manipulation of the media to perpetuate injustice and†¦show more content†¦Language. V’s use of Shakespearean language ‘earns’ him some credibility. There is also use of profanities which at times was ironic especially when used within sentences mentioning Jesus’ name. 3. Was there an example of governing in the film There was an example of government in the film. First, there was the president who addressed the nation following the bombing in town. Presidents preside over government and therefore is a perfect illustration of governance in the film. In fact, V’s struggle was against what he deemed as an unjust and corrupt government. He portrays government as being against the interest of the people. In his broadcast message, he says ‘something is terribly wrong with this country.’ This is indication that the government was doing enough to improve the lives of its citizens, which is a reason why V advocates for a rebellion. The government is also portrayed as a manipulator of information. Government never hesitates to use lies to achieve their goals. The government agency in charge of investigations lies to the public that the ‘terrorist’ was killed. 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Health Care Policy Is An Anomaly Among Industrialized Nations Example For Students

Health Care Policy Is An Anomaly Among Industrialized Nations The United States’ approach to health care policy is an anomaly among industrialized nations. Disagreement about what the federal government’s role in health care ought to be, combined with the structure of lawmaking institutions, have yielded generations of improvised policies and programs that intend to mollify individual issues created by the health care system rather than comprehensively addressing its flaws. Following World War II, while most industrialized nations were creating national systems for health care in order to promote equality between classes, the US opted to exclude the provision health care from the federal government’s list of responsibilities. Unlike in those industrialized nations, there was no ideological consensus in the US that health care was a right. Therefore, national health care was seen as being outside the purview of the state. In part due to the distinctive, deep-seated suspicion of large government, its role was relegated to tackle piecemeal health care issues as they gained traction though an incremental, â€Å"disjointed† (Lindblom; Tuohy, p. 71) process. The federal government has been essentially limited to use health care policy as a tool only when problems within the existing health care system, such as access, affordability for the consumer, overall cost and efficiency, are framed as discrete, palatable issues at opportune times. Any attempt to create a rational, comprehensive plan, such as a national health plan, has been repeatedly suffocated by warring ideologies and the intricacies of US policy-making system. The following three examples epitomize the way in which federal health care policies are inadvertently borne in response to symptoms of a lacking heath care system. In the 1940s, the federal government began to subsidize hospital construction and improvements with the Hill-Burton Act. In the 1960s, the federal government commenced funding health care coverage for specific, deserving populations with Medicare and Mecaid. Beginning in the 1970s, the federal government became involved in regulatory program aimed to control spending – including the Professional Standards Review Organization. In each of these cases, the federal government had a role because of the specific framing of the finite problem. In the 1940s, the federal government’s involvement with health care policy was initially focused on subsidizing the ‘supply side’ of the health care system. This tactic aimed to expand the US health care system, while appeasing those who believed its operation should be left to the free-market. Federal support began with non-partisan, low-hanging fruit, which included the passage of the Hill-Burton Act. It was a bill that â€Å"appealed to everyone and alienated no one† (Rohrer, p. 141), created in response to geographic variations in hospital services – especially a lack of hospitals in rural America. The bill aimed to expand the physical infrastructure of the US health care system by building (and later, improving) hospitals throughout the country. Some, like the doctor representing the Committee of Physicians for the Improvement of Medicine, knew that targeting one small piece of a flawed health care system was not going to a long-term solution. H e warned that subsidizing hospitals could â€Å"lull the nation into thinking that its health problems were solved† (Rohrer, p. 141; Starr), but that only a national health insurance plan would make accessibility universal. It was clear that the Hill-Burton Act, despite its good intentions, was not the product of a rational, overarching plan to address issues of health care access. Rather, it was a shortsighted attempt to construct and upgrade hospitals that mistakenly oriented the entire health care system to overuse hospitals. In Senator Edward Kennedy’s words, the Hill-Burton Act â€Å"allowed a wasteful, inefficient health care system to perpetuate itself† (p. 144). He called for a restructuring of the health care system to shift the policy community towards planning how the system should operate, rather than implementing reactive bandages. Membrane Physiology EssayThe creation of PSROs was another product of contingencies; a program viewed as acceptable because it was non-threatening, but theoretically could have contained costs had in not been administered by the same group it was trying to influence. That PSROs turned out to be â€Å"better suited to the industry’s expansion than to its retrenchment† (Morone, p. 269) is evidence of the fact that is was created for its mere tolerability. This – and most other regulatory programs at this time – never had the rational, big-picture forethought attached to them to ensure their success One of the major lessons learned from these examples of the federal government’s forays into health care policy is that when incrementalism is the strategy – whether by choice or because of the political climate – it becomes even harder to implement a thoughtful, well-organized program. Coherence and continuity are extremely difficult to plan for without being able to predict what the political climate or national mood will be like, what will have changed and what will be the same. At this point, it seems the federal government is incapable of addressing the flaws of the US healthcare system with an overarching, rational, and thoughtful plan. Implementing such a plan would first require ideological consensus, which seems more and more unlikely in this increasing partisan world. This individualistic, market-driven system has become so engrained into the American conceptualization of the health care system that it is nearly impossible to meaningfully restructure th e health care system. Even with a majority (not consensus) there is so much uncertainty in the lawmaking process and congressional â€Å"institution itself – its intricate rules, processes, folkways, and coalitions.† (Blumenthal and Morone, p. 165). This intersection of ideology and lawmaking almost precludes the passage of a national health plan, without a major cultural shift towards prioritizing health as a human right.

The faculty of mathematics of Irkutsk State University free essay sample

1. The module of mathematics was set up a twelvemonth after the constitution of Irkutsk State University, in 1919. 2. It occupied the edifice of the East Siberian Institute for misss of baronial beginning. 3. First, it was the module of natural philosophies and mathematics. 4. Later it was decided to hold two modules, the module of natural philosophies and the module of mathematics. 5. It happened in 1965. 6. The first dean of the mathematical module was Professor Vladimir Vasilyev. 7. In 1959 a computing machine centre was set up at the University, and University pupils began analyzing computing machines and scheduling. 8. In 1997 the Internet Center was set up on the footing of our University Computer Center. 9. And Now University pupils have a free entree to Internet and World Wide Web. 10. In 1998 our module was reformed, and the Institute of mathematics and Economics was set up. 11. Its manager is Professor Oleg Vasilyev, a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. We will write a custom essay sample on The faculty of mathematics of Irkutsk State University or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 12. Students are trained in three fortes ; they are mathematics, applied mathematics, mathematical methods and operations research in economic system. 13. Our pupil s study many particular topics and humanistic disciplines, excessively. 14. They are mathematical analysis, algebra, geometry and topology, differential equations, the theory of chance, mathematical mold, numerical methods, operations research, and system analyses, optimisation and optimal direction, mathematical cybernetics, mathematical package, and others. 15. As for humanistic disciplines, they are the Russian and the English linguistic communications, History and doctrine. 16. There are 13 sections at the Institute. 17. They are headed by Professors and adjunct professors, such as Vasilyev, Bludov, Zaharova, Mantsivoda and others. 18. I specialize in mathematics. 19. When at school I got interested in mathematical scientific disciplines and after completing school I entered the institute of mathematics and economic sciences. 20. After graduating from the University I ll be a instructor of mathematics. 21. Students of mathematics have their school pattern every twelvemonth. 22. I like my future profession and I do my best to acquire profound ( deep ) cognition in it. 23. Our pupils besides go in for athleticss, attend different pupils nines and take an active portion in the life of the University.

Dramatic Monologue Talking Heads Essay Example

Dramatic Monologue Talking Heads Essay In reading Alan Bennetts selection of monologues I have analysed each character used. Having studied them closely I have gained respect for each character; in dealing with their myriad of individual, and sometimes shared, problems they each have still managed to live, what is to them if no-one else, full and relatively normal lives. But I have also developed feelings of sympathy towards one character in particular. With another I have developed an overwhelming lack of compassion. Bennett describes the character in A Chip in the Sugar, a middle-aged man called Graham Whittaker, quite guardedly at first. The way that Bennett imparts information to his readers is very sporadic. In doing this he tends to deceive us a little, letting our own imaginations run wild about the truth behind the character, their real persona. This can make it difficult to trust the opinions, tone and actual basis of the monologue. We will write a custom essay sample on Dramatic Monologue Talking Heads specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Dramatic Monologue Talking Heads specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Dramatic Monologue Talking Heads specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Graham Whittaker is an unreliable narrator. He relates conversations had between his mother, her friend Mr Turnbull and himself with a rather self-pitying slant. He makes out that he was ignored and ridiculed by Mr Turnbull and his mother, who at the beginning of the monologue says how much Graham means to her. Graham, I think the world of you. This could also be deceiving however, due to the fact that we are not given all of the information about Graham from the start. My lack of compassion for Graham Whittaker stems from his relationship with his mother. Although, as we find out in the monologue later, Graham is obviously mentally ill, he leads us to believe that his mother is completely reliant on him for most tasks. they slipped her mind, so the rest of the operation devolved on me. Why does he do this? It is obvious as her relationship develops with Mr Turnbull that Mrs Whittaker isnt as dependent on Graham as he would like us to believe. In my opinion Bennett is suggesting that this is what Graham wants us to believe. If we accept that Mrs Whittaker needs Graham, then that gives him a purpose. He is not just a middle-aged man still living with his mother; he is someone that is needed. Without him his mother may come to some harm. It is this attitude that annoys me about Graham. Due to his fear of uselessness he is holding onto his mother and, in effect, holding her back from her life. What right does he have to do that? Throughout the sketch Bennett tells us that Graham needs a stable environment. I agree with this and can empathise with Grahams uncertainty after his mother meets Mr Turnbull, but this still does not negate the fact that Mrs Whittaker has a life too. As in all of his sketches, Bennetts structure of writing can be very misleading. We are informed of important information right at the end of the story, and told seemingly pointless material in the beginning. What is most disappointing about Graham is the appearance of happiness when he starts to find out that Mr Turnbull isnt all he says he is. Is this because he wants to feel needed/necessary to his mother? Or is it fear? Fear of going back to the hostel surrounded by people that he doesnt understand, I sometimes feel a bit out of it as Ive never had any particular problems, or is it something darker? Bennett hints at this at the end of the sketch when he writes of Grahams seeming indifference to his mothers pain. The structure of the last couple of paragraphs is a defiant tone, followed by relief from Graham. For his mother it is heartbreak followed by reluctant acceptance. All in all, a heart-wrenching finale for Mrs Whittaker without any support from her selfish, unstable son. After reading A cream cracker under the settee I felt so much sympathy for the character Doris. Bennetts telling of her plight gave me an insight into her pain and loneliness and elicited a feeling of terror. From the beginning we are given a view of Doris that is of a very proud and hardened old woman. But the clinch of the story is that Doris is alone. She has no friends, no relatives (that she mentions), she is childless and has recently been widowed. To top it all off, the Social Services are threatening to take away her home and put her into Stafford House, to all accounts a home for the elderly. Doris has recently taken a fall whilst dusting a wedding photograph of her and her husband. She wasnt supposed to dust. The way that Bennett tells us this elicits yet more sympathy from me. Imagine not being able to do something you wanted to do in your own home. Granted it was obviously with the best intentions and as it turns out it would have been best for our character but when you are slightly obsessive with regards to cleaning, like Doris When people were clean and the streets were clean and it was all clean, surely youre entitled to dust in your own home? The most terrifying and saddening part of this tale is simply that Doris decides to give up. You can see that from her point of view being dictated to like a child is not what she wants for the last years of her life. It seems to me that Bennett wants us to experience what Doris is feeling. The loss of her husband, the emptiness and loneliness that engulfs her, the constant threat of losing her home, the loss of her child (in her mind it was a child, despite what the midwife said) and the unfailing pride that ultimately is going to end her life. Bennett leads us up to the very end of the sketch letting us believe that Doris will in fact get help. He introduces a couple of possible saviours, either coming into the garden or up to the front door and finally a friendly policeman. As Doris sits by the front door, slowly giving in to the pain in her legs and, I expect, by this time further pain throughout her body from sitting on the floor for so long, I felt so much compassion for her and yet also a little happiness would she be saved? Or would she be allowed to rest with her husband? As the sketch comes to a close the policeman comes to the door and asks Doris if she is ok. Being the proud lady she is she refuses to admit that she needs help. No, Im all right. As he walks back up the path we finally see what Bennett wanted us to see. That sometimes it is okay to be alone in the dark, because to let go and drift away to that feared, unknown place, ultimately you wont be alone anymore. I feel sympathy for Doris because she was alone. When she chose to die, there was no-one there to be with her, or talk to her. All she had was memories of her husband and the life they led together. The only person who would even know she was gone would be her Social Services appointed cleaner. Its done with now.

Biomedical Ethics Essay Example

Biomedical Ethics Essay Example Biomedical Ethics Essay Biomedical Ethics Essay Alan Goldman’s piece. A Refutation of Medical Paternalism’ . contains an statement for why medical paternalism is incorrect. Goldman argues from the thought of The Relativity of Value. ’ Explain this peculiar statement and demo how it is an statement against medical paternalism ( be certainly to first specify what medical paternalism is ) . Do you believe this statement is right? Why or why non? In biomedical moralss. the construct of patient liberty versus is a immense consideration. This liberty is frequently contrasted with what is called medical paternalism. Medical paternalism refers to doctors moving in respects to what they feel is best for the patient without much respect to the patient’s true wants. It is the intercession of an individual’s right of action justified by grounds mentioning to the public assistance and/or involvement of that person. While medical paternalism may be seen as positive. many refute it. In Goldman’s paper. A Refutation of Medical Paternalism. he talks about why medical paternalism is incorrect. Goldman refutes medical paternalism by presenting assorted statements that support his instance. One facet of his statement lies in the undermentioned claim sing the relativity of values: The cardinal faulty premiss in the statement for paternalistic function distinction for physicians is that which assumes that wellness or drawn-out life must take absolute precedence in the patient’s value orderings ( 67 ) . Goldman states that in world. persons do non systematically move in order to minimise loss of life although the long-run penchant is to populate long. If persons did prioritise minimal loss of life invariably. all attempts would be purely directed towards health-related countries. This is non the instance. for to realize or continue those values that give significance to life is worth the hazard of life itself ( 68 ) . Therefore. Goldman states that it is unlogical for a physician to find what is best for the patient when such physician can non talk for what the patientâ €™s set of values and precedences. While a physician believes wellness is figure one in precedence. the person may non ever hold wellness as figure one at all times. The 2nd facet to Goldman’s statement is centered on the value of self-government. He argues that. as stated before. a physician can non truly cognize the true involvements of his patient. and at times. the patient may or may non even cognize his or her ain involvements. Because of this uncertainness. the physician is less likely than the patient to do the right determination. We value the exercising of free pick itself in personally of import determinations. no affair what the effects of those determinations upon other satisfactions ( 70 ) . When picks are of import to our lives. we like to cognize we have the ability to hold some control over them. When a physician holds the reigns of a patient’s good being without the patient’s say. it is difficult to state that the determination made is just. I personally concur with Goldman and th e statements he presents. I can see both sides to the statement ; I can see why medical paternalism can be good in some instances. but I can see why overall it is a basic intervening of an individual’s liberty. In the defence of medical paternalism. one can reason that it is expected of the medical practician to make what is best for his or her patient. However. as Goldman states. what does the practician know of what is best for a patient? For illustration. a patient may be in demand for a blood transfusion. Yet if the patient happens to be a follower of the Jehovah’s Witness. the physician can’t perchance coerce the patient to take the transfusion. for it straight goes against the patient’s beliefs. I believe that although physicians may medically hold an thought as to what is best for an person. what is of import is for the person to follow. for it is his or her organic structure that is being affected.

Current topic III Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current topic III - Essay Example se they are aware of the expectations and needs of different groups in the society on health care provision services (World Health Organization, 2012). This knowledge is derived from closely interacting and communicating with patients, their family members, doctors and other health care stakeholders. By making their contributions on the needs of different groups, nurses can ensure that health policies that exist reflect the diverse nature of the population. Nurses can make a difference to health policies by highlighting the changing disease patterns, and by seeking information from the patients on their medical treatment preferences. 100 powerful women in the world for 2012- slide (in this section). Find a woman that you admire and write how come she is an inspiration of hope for you? What leadership traits do you see in her? Do you have those traits also? I admire the IBM President and CEO Virginia Rometty. Mrs Rometty is a force to reckon with because of 30 years skills and experience at the company. She is the first female CEO of the company. She has also established and is implementing a business strategy at the company that is set to increase the revenue generated by the company by approximately $ 20 million. Rometty is resilient and hardworking; very admirable qualities. She began her career at the company as a systems engineer, went on to be in charge of global sales then CEO and president. I have similar qualities as her because I am hardworking and resilient. I believe that I am creative and innovative since I am committed to serving the society in all my capacity. In my opinion, Michelle Obama is a better role model. Mrs. Obama has been able to win public support through her wise speeches to the public. The current First lady reflects a positive image due to her confidence, firm and seemingly caring nature. Michelle Obama is very determined to raise awareness on obesity and curb its effect on a large population of American nationals (Forbes, 2012).